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Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko revealed during a speech to youth leaders in Minsk that he and Russian President Vladimir Putin regularly joke and argue over which of them qualifies as the ultimate dictator.

The Belarusian leader's comments at "Youth. Belarus. Future." Sept. 17 also underlines the close alignment between Moscow and Minsk with Lukashenko enjoying his position as Europe’s longest-serving head of state.

Lukashenko has ruled over Belarus unhindered since 1994, with Putin leading Russia since 2012, also serving as president between 2000 and 2008.

"You know what they say about me?" Lukashenko asked the audience during his Sept. 17 address, according to Novaya Gazeta.

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"[I am] the last dictator, the second-to-last dictator in Europe. Dictator, dictator. Vladimir Putin and I often joke and argue over which of us is more of a dictator.

"They say I’m the last dictator, the last dictator in Europe. Dictator — so be it. Well, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and I often argue, jokingly, about which of us is the bigger dictator."

Lukashenko, 72, a former Soviet collective farm manager, is also known to be Putin’s closest international partner and ally.

While Minsk has not committed ground troops to the war in Ukraine, it serves as a strategic staging ground for Moscow, with Russia relying on Belarus for military and strategic support in its ongoing war against Ukraine.

According to the Kyiv Post, Belarus specifically provides Russia with key weapons components and allows its forces to launch military strikes from Belarusian territory.

An August report by Ukrainska Pravda also highlighted a new railway construction capable of handling military trains in Belarus' Gomel Oblast near the Ukraine border.

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The strength of the relationship between the two countries comes as Western officials increase pressure on Moscow and its allies and with the two leaders reported to be in frequent contact.

After meeting in Moscow Aug. 27, Lukashenko officially congratulated Putin Sept. 21 after the Russian election results.

He praised the "unprecedented turnout of millions of voters" and the majority secured by the United Russia party, calling it a proper response to "cynical attempts from the outside to discredit the campaign and sow discord."

Addressing the youth forum in Minsk on political succession in Belarus, Lukashenko insisted no one is prepared to take over power.

"Never believe those who say that Lukashenko is ‘clinging to power with blue-knuckled hands’," he told the audience.

"Good Lord, let them say it. I have had my fill of this power to the point where I could not possibly want any more of it.

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"The only question is whether you are capable today of taking over the country and holding on to it," he added. "If you are, start tomorrow. To be frank, I cannot yet answer that question positively. Do not take offense.

"I became a dictator then because I stood up against the entire ‘civilized world.'"

Western nations maintain strict economic pressure on Minsk. Lithuanian Foreign Minister Kęstutis Budrys recently reiterated the Baltic nation's firm stance.

"We do not see any reasons why our position on Belarus should soften as Belarus is not changing its behavior," Budrys said.

"On our side, we have to be very exact and continue what works, and that is the pressure on the regime."

Despite international sanctions, Lukashenko announced Sept. 11 that Belarus has begun selling potash, a primary export used in fertilizer, to the United States.

While Western nations maintain economic restrictions over human rights abuses, U.S. sanctions on Belarusian potash were lifted after recent political prisoner releases, though European Union sanctions remain active.

UNITED NATIONS - Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy warned Tuesday that Russia could launch attacks against other European countries, telling Fox News Digital that the risk of a new offensive is "very high" as Moscow seeks to undermine European unity and weaken support for Ukraine.

Speaking to reporters following his meeting with President Donald Trump on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Zelenskyy was asked by Fox News Digital about the possibility that Russia could invade or attack another European country in the near future.

"That's why the risk of offensive by drones, missiles or land operation is very high against other countries who are bordering Russia or Belarus," Zelenskyy said.

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The Ukrainian leader argued that Russian President Vladimir Putin, unable to achieve his military objectives in Ukraine, could seek to create instability elsewhere in Europe to pressure Western governments into reducing their support for Kyiv.

"How to divide unanimity in Europe? ... To attack somebody else. To attack and say, look, I will go further if you will not stop this," Zelenskyy said.

He pointed to drone incursions and disruptions affecting several European countries, arguing that Moscow is already attempting to intimidate European societies and test their response.

Zelenskyy said Putin's inability to secure a decisive victory in Ukraine could push him toward additional confrontations, as he faces pressure to justify the war to the Russian public.

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Asked by Fox News Digital what European countries should do in response to the growing threat, Zelenskyy offered a direct answer.

"Respond. Always respond. It's not about the war. If you don't respond, Russians, they will go further," he said.

The warning comes amid heightened concerns about Russian activity in Europe. Zelenskyy's warning comes amid heightened tensions across Europe following a series of Russian drone incursions and warnings from European leaders about the possibility of further attacks.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz warned on Sept. 14 that peace in Europe was under threat, urging European countries to take the danger seriously. Speaking at an EU-Arctic Summit in Finland, Merz said Russia's presence in the region and its hybrid attacks elsewhere in Europe were increasing, calling for a united response from European countries and NATO.

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The German leader's warning followed an attempted drone attack at Leipzig/Halle Airport on Aug. 4, which German authorities publicly attributed to Russia on Sept. 1.

Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk issued a separate warning on Sept. 17 that Russia was planning drone or missile attacks against NATO countries supporting Ukraine, including Poland, while potentially portraying the incidents as accidental to weaken the alliance's response.

The concerns are not limited to hypothetical threats. On Sept. 8, a drone entered Romanian airspace before returning to Moldova and crashing, according to Romania's Defense Ministry. A week later, Italian fighter jets operating under NATO's air defense mission shot down a drone that entered Lithuanian airspace from Belarus. Italian officials said the drone most likely came from Russia, although Lithuanian authorities were still investigating its origin.

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Latvian President Edgars Rinkēvičs also warned in a Sept. 18 interview with The Guardian that European countries and NATO were struggling to keep pace with developments in drone warfare, highlighting gaps in air and missile defenses that could leave European countries vulnerable to Russian attacks.

Zelenskyy's remarks followed talks with Trump in which the Ukrainian leader said he raised the possibility of a mutual halt to attacks on Russian and Ukrainian energy infrastructure, as well as Ukraine's need for additional Patriot air defense missiles ahead of winter.

"We are ready," Zelenskyy said of a potential agreement to halt energy strikes, adding that he was unsure whether Russia was prepared to reciprocate.

Zelenskyy also said Trump had expressed a willingness to help Ukraine obtain additional air defense capabilities, although no concrete commitment on immediate missile deliveries had been made.

The meeting came as Russia and Ukraine intensified aerial attacks, including strikes on energy infrastructure, ahead of the UN General Assembly.

Tensions in the South China Sea escalated again Friday after a Chinese Coast Guard vessel collided with a Philippine government ship, an encounter captured on video that prompted competing accounts from Manila and Beijing.

The Philippine Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources vessel BRP Datu Magat Salamat was distributing fuel to Filipino fishermen when the collision occurred at 11:13 a.m., roughly 54 nautical miles off the coast of Palawan province — an area Manila says is well within the Philippines' exclusive economic zone.

Footage released by the Philippine Coast Guard showed crew members shouting, "Brace for impact!" moments before the collision. Photographs taken afterward showed bent and detached railings, damaged metal supports and debris scattered across the Philippine ship's deck. No injuries were reported.

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Philippine officials accused Beijing of deliberately ramming a civilian government vessel on what they described as a humanitarian and livelihood mission.

Jay Tarriela, the Philippine Coast Guard spokesperson for West Philippine Sea concerns, said the Chinese vessel first cut across the Philippine ship's stern at a distance of about 33 feet before repeating the maneuver minutes later and colliding with it.

Beijing disputed Manila's account. Chinese Coast Guard spokesperson Jiang Lue said the Philippine vessel "intentionally adjusted its course and suddenly accelerated to cut across the bow" of the Chinese ship after disregarding repeated warnings. China said its vessel had been conducting lawful operations near Sabina Shoal and blamed the Philippine side for the collision.

The incident also drew Washington into the dispute. U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines Lee Lipton said the United States "strongly condemn[s] the China Coast Guard's deliberate ramming."

The Chinese Embassy in Manila responded by accusing the United States of backing Philippine "infringement and provocations" in the disputed waters.

Friday's collision was the latest in a series of maritime confrontations between China and the Philippines. In July, Manila accused Chinese forces of firing water cannons at government vessels near Scarborough Shoal and striking a Philippine Navy staff member in the head with a wooden baton during an encounter at Second Thomas Shoal.

UNITED NATIONS — The Middle East will take center stage when world leaders open the UN General Assembly's annual debate Tuesday, with some of Washington's most important regional partners arriving in New York facing a question: What will the region look like after months of war with Iran, renewed Houthi attacks and an uncertain future for Gaza?

Leaders from Jordan, Türkiye, Qatar and Egypt are expected to address the Assembly during the annual General Debate, which begins Sept. 22. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is also scheduled to attend.

President Donald Trump is expected to meet Gulf leaders on the sidelines of UNGA to discuss the Iran conflict and the region's future. U.S. Ambassador to the UN Mike Waltz told Fox News Digital that the administration wants to hear directly from Gulf leaders about their concerns, describing the meeting as an important opportunity for diplomacy.

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Rich Goldberg, a senior adviser at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, told Fox News Digital that the Iran war has fundamentally altered the region's strategic landscape, creating opportunities for new energy partnerships and closer cooperation between Israel and its Arab neighbors.

"The opportunity for regional integration and normalization works alongside energy infrastructure meeting the moment, the crisis of needing bypasses for Hormuz," Goldberg said.

He argued that a network of pipelines carrying Gulf energy overland to the Mediterranean, potentially through Israel, could reduce dependence on vulnerable shipping routes.

"We can make the Strait of Hormuz irrelevant," Goldberg said, describing potential energy links between Saudi Arabia and Israel, as well as routes connecting Qatar to the Mediterranean.

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But the threat to regional energy supplies now extends beyond Hormuz. The Houthis' offensive along Yemen's Red Sea coast has raised new concerns over the Bab el-Mandeb, another critical maritime chokepoint. Washington Institute analysts April Longley Alley and Allison Minor wrote in a Sept. 11 analysis that the offensive had "shattered the status quo" along Yemen's western coast.

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Gaza presents a separate diplomatic challenge, with Arab governments seeking a political settlement while differing with Israel over Palestinian statehood and the territory's future.

In a Sept. 6 joint statement , the foreign ministers of Jordan, Egypt, Qatar, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Indonesia and Pakistan rejected proposals to forcibly displace Palestinians from Gaza and reiterated support for a Palestinian state along the 1967 lines, with East Jerusalem as its capital. They also warned that displacement proposals risk undermining Trump's Gaza peace plan.

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Qatar has simultaneously condemned renewed Iranian attacks against Arab states and Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia and Red Sea shipping, while insisting that the Palestinian issue remain a priority.

In a Sept. 8 joint statement , the leaders of France, Britain and Canada announced plans to ban imports from Israeli settlements and pursue targeted measures against settlements and those who facilitate them. They also said they would co-chair a meeting during UNGA to advance a two-state solution, one year after recognizing Palestinian statehood.

The diplomatic divisions will also be reflected in who can address the UN in person. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas was denied a U.S. visa for the second consecutive year. The General Assembly voted Thursday to allow him to deliver his address by video.

Netanyahu, meanwhile, is expected to travel to New York weeks before Israel's Oct. 27 parliamentary elections, the country's first national vote since the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas attacks, amid declining international support for Israel. A June 2026 Pew Research Center survey found that a median of 67% of adults across 36 countries held unfavorable views of Israel, compared with 25% who viewed it favorably.

For Washington, the challenge is balancing its regional security relationships with competing demands over Gaza and the future of relations with Israel.

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Goldberg predicted that some of the most consequential discussions would take place away from the General Assembly podium, with Arab leaders delivering one message publicly and another in private meetings with Trump and senior U.S. officials.

"We may see the old propaganda of criticizing Israel and saying everybody wants a different future and they're going to support Gaza and the Palestinians, they demand a Palestinian state," Goldberg said.

Behind closed doors, he predicted, the discussions would focus on U.S. security guarantees, the next steps in confronting Iran and expanding regional energy infrastructure.

"What will be a pathway forward politically that the U.S. can provide to these leaders so that they can normalize with Israel alongside the necessary infrastructure upgrades that they need to make for their own energy securities and physical securities going forward?" Goldberg said.

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni announced plans Sept. 20 to introduce legislation capping the number of foreign students in Italian classrooms and banning face-covering garments, including burqas and niqabs, in schools.

The conservative leader said her proposed measures aim to foster integration, preserve Italian cultural identity and ensure that native children do not feel sidelined in the classroom.

"There’s no way that in an Italian classroom, the ones who feel marginalized are Italian children because they have become a minority," Meloni said during a speech to Gioventù Nazionale, the youth wing of her conservative Brothers of Italy party, in Rome, according to reports.

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Under the proposal, individual classrooms would have limits on non-Italian students to prevent heavy concentrations in specific districts.

Meloni did not specify the exact cap but said the government would also require mandatory Italian-language lessons for parents of foreign pupils who struggle to integrate.

"For us, anyone who comes to Italy and wants to build their future here must learn our language, understand our culture, and respect our rules," Meloni said, The Associated Press reported.

"It is the only serious way to welcome them."

Students who don't hold Italian citizenship account for around 11.6% of school enrollment nationwide, according to Italy’s Education Ministry cited by the ISMU ETS Foundation.

Under Italian law, children born to foreign parents also do not automatically gain citizenship at birth and must wait until age 18 before they can apply.

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Meloni argued that high concentrations of non-native speakers impact the learning process for everyone involved.

"If in a classroom there is only one child who doesn’t understand Italian, it is possible that that child will manage, with the help of his peers and teachers, to learn the language and integrate fast," she said.

"But if these children are many, or even the majority, that’s not integration anymore, that’s abandonment."

The proposed package also targets religious face coverings, explicitly prohibiting burqas and niqabs in educational institutions while permitting other forms of Islamic dress, such as the hijab.

In a series of posts on X on Monday, the Brothers of Italy party reinforced the prime minister’s message:

"Those who choose to build their future in Italy must learn our language, know our culture, and respect our rules.

"School is attended with one's face uncovered. No tradition can impose on a young woman the obligation to hide herself."

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A subsequent post added: "Limit on the number of foreign students in classrooms, obligation for parents of pupils with serious integration difficulties to learn Italian, and ban on burqas and niqabs in educational institutions.

"Integration comes through knowledge of our language, respect for our rules, and protection of our cultural identity."

Several European neighbors, including France and Belgium, have previously imposed bans on face-coverings in public places, though enforcement and legal frameworks differ.

The proposed Italian legislation is expected to be considered by Italy’s Council of Ministers before being sent to Parliament for consideration.

Meloni, who has led Brothers of Italy since 2014 and served as president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party from 2020 to 2025, has governed Italy since 2022.

Her administration recently surpassed previous records set by Silvio Berlusconi to become the longest-serving uninterrupted government in modern Italian history.

Beijing has transformed the Red Sea into a dangerous surveillance hub, a former Pentagon official warned Sunday, after a new report revealed upgrades to China’s military footprint just six miles from a key $66 million-a-year U.S. military base in Djibouti, Africa.

The report by the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) cited new facilities which it said would likely enable the Chinese military to monitor activities of other militaries operating nearby, although it also clarified it was not possible to determine whether China was actively intercepting communications.

The developments, one defense expert told Fox News Digital, could also inject fresh tension into U.S.-China relations in the run-up to Chinese President Xi Jinping's visit to the White House on Sept. 24. Beijing's intelligence-gathering capabilities are already under renewed scrutiny.

"What China is clearly doing is building eavesdropping capabilities. That seems to be their aim," Morgan Murphy, former Trump White House official and press secretary for Mark Esper when he was secretary of defense during the first Trump administration.

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"Beijing has clearly wiretapped the Red Sea. When you build a 30-meter (100-foot-wide) satellite dish and cover it with a dome, so nobody can see where it's pointing, it's pretty clear you're up to no good," Murphy added while stating of the Washington-based think tank, that "the specificity here reflects the thorough research we expect out of CSIS."

The report pinpoints a large southeastern facility showing a control building, three 30-meter dipole antennas for high-frequency communications, two smaller antennas for very and "ultra-high frequencies", three mobile satellite dishes, four probable 5G towers and what CSIS said was a "radome" covering an unidentified asset.

CSIS also highlighted two new communications facilities that it says have emerged since 2024 that are likely to form part of a C4ISR command architecture, expanding China’s ability to intercept signals, track naval movements and communicate with Beijing while monitoring foreign militaries in the region.

The facilities would provide China with "a much more robust picture of the operating environment in the region," the report said.

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"This isn’t a supply depot — it’s a 50-yard line seat over America’s power projection and the U.S. Navy," Murphy said before stating that the USA has "128 bases in more than 51 countries — China has just one."

"But look at the location — a few miles from Camp Lemonnier, overlooking the chokepoint that moves roughly a sixth of global sea trade. Great powers don’t plant listening posts next to rival fleets for 'logistics,'" he warned.

"Britain held Gibraltar to see who entered the Med while Japan’s island radios came before the runways. The Soviets’ overseas sites were never just about fuel and Beijing is running that playbook on the Red Sea," Murphy added.

Although China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jian said China is "unaware of the specific situation" and framed the country as a "builder of international peace," the new facilities provide Beijing with a picture of regional operations, according to Reuters.

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"The new report is helpful in framing the conversation, and it comes at an awkward time for China because Xi Jinping is visiting the White House on the 24th of this month," Murphy said.

"I'd bet a box of donuts this issue comes up. There is going to be public exposure of this, which Chinese leadership isn't used to. They aren't used to being asked tough questions by the press," he said.

President Donald Trump recently addressed Chinese intelligence efforts aboard Air Force One, acknowledging that China "spies on us" just as "we spy on them."

Trump's comments followed a report by The Wall Street Journal linking support from a Chinese entity to high-resolution satellite imagery used by Iran prior to a deadly missile attack on U.S. troops in Jordan.

"They basically do what we do," Trump noted, adding that "Xi has behaved reasonably well, and we behave reasonably well. ... You know what they say? That China spies on us. I say you're right, and we spy on them, too," he said, according to Reuters.

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Murphy noted, "Nations spy on each other — allies and adversaries alike."

"It is a very old playbook, and listening posts all over the world are typical of great powers, but where the metal hits the floorboard is when you try to use that information," he said before adding that China may "keep tabs on us, but they cannot project power like the United States can."

The proximity of China's facility to U.S. operations is a core concern. Located less than six miles from Camp Lemonnier — the primary U.S. counterterrorism hub in Africa — and near French, Italian and Japanese installations, the site has a history of friction with U.S. forces.

"We are just right around the corner from China, and yet it's not a cooperative relationship," Murphy explained.

"Back in 2018, they lasered two of our C-130 pilots' eyes who suffered lasting damage from that incident. Beijing denied it, of course, but we know the truth."

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During the 2018 incident, the Pentagon had formally complained to China after military-grade lasers were pointed at American pilots attempting to land at Camp Lemonnier, causing minor injuries.

While Beijing dismissed the allegations as "groundless accusations," the confrontation underscored the potential for friction between military forces operating from nearby bases.

"China has one overseas base. The United States has more than 128 — by some counts, over 700 installations around the world," Murphy said.

"So it's significant that China has chosen to place its only overseas base six miles from ours in Djibouti. It is hugely strategically important, which is why, of course, we're there."

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"It's our only base on the continent of Africa," he said, noting that it shares a "parking lot" with Japanese and Italian bases.

"At $66 million a year, it's the best money Americans spend on our defense budget, full stop."

The Bab el-Mandeb Strait is a chokepoint for nearly 16% of global maritime trade and, with significant crude shipments, Houthi attacks and pipeline disruptions have fueled a regional military buildup.

"Interference by China is in their strategic interest. They don't want to see the United States able to control their oil supply," Murphy said.

"China is far more reliant on Middle Eastern oil than the United States. China imports a huge portion — around 33% or more — of their daily oil needs and is highly reliant on long sea lines. You are seeing this muscle-flexing because they are far more reliant on Middle Eastern oil than we are."

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"Having intelligence is one thing, but you must have the ability to act on it. You need assets in the region," Murphy said.

"China doesn't have major combat assets outside their region because they lack a blue-water navy to project power outside the first island chain yet.

"That is coming, and they are working towards it quickly. Americans can take comfort in the fact that they don't have that capacity today, but we must stay alert because the only thing that subdues a threat is a ready posture," he concluded.

Fox News Digital has reached out to the Chinese Embassy for comment.

UNITED NATIONS, NEW YORK — More than 100 presidents and prime ministers will descend on New York this week for one of the busiest gatherings on the diplomatic calendar, arriving at a United Nations confronting wars in the Middle East and Ukraine, economic pressure from disrupted energy markets and fresh questions about the institution’s ability to respond to an increasingly fractured world.

The U.N. expects 73 heads of state and 45 heads of government , alongside 49 ministers, 11 vice presidents and one crown prince, U.N. spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric told reporters Friday. Member states have already submitted roughly 1,000 requests for bilateral meetings , while 168 events are scheduled during high-level week, according to Dujarric.

Asked Friday to characterize the atmosphere inside U.N. headquarters as the delegations prepare to arrive, Dujarric described it simply as "high stress."

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The General Debate of the 81st U.N. General Assembly begins Tuesday, Sept. 22, under the theme, "Restoring trust, managing transformation: A United Nations that delivers for all."

But beneath the speeches, motorcades and closed-door meetings across Manhattan is another competition: nearly every government represented in New York will be trying, in one way or another, to capture the attention of the United States.

"This is their moment to grab a piece of American mindshare for sure," Frank Ahrens, head of BGR Analytics, told Fox News Digital.

A new analysis released ahead of UNGA attempts to measure which countries already have it.

The 2026 BGR Impact Index , produced by BGR Analytics, the data practice of Washington-based BGR Group, ranks 197 countries and economies according to their overall footprint in the United States, combining economic, cultural, diplomatic, institutional and geopolitical measures. Japan holds the top position for a third consecutive year, followed by Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom and South Korea.

That competition is especially consequential this year.

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President Donald Trump will return to the General Assembly on Tuesday with the US-Iran war entering its seventh month, while fighting involving the Iran-backed Houthis has placed new pressure on shipping through the Red Sea and raised fresh concerns among Gulf states about regional security. Reuters reported Sept. 18 that European and Asian allies have largely resisted U.S. calls to become more directly involved in the Iran conflict and that the prolonged war has strained Washington’s relationships with some partners.

The stakes extend well beyond Iran. The General Assembly agenda is expected to be dominated also by Russia’s war against Ukraine, Israeli-Palestinian tensions, Sudan, climate change and artificial intelligence. Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov are among the prominent leaders or representatives expected to speak.

That combination of military power, diplomatic access and public perception gets at the central question behind BGR’s index: what does influence actually mean?

BGR compiled more than 100 indicators, ranging from GDP, population and foreign investment to international students, cultural presence and lobbying activity in Washington.

But one of the most consequential variables in this year’s analysis came from a much newer arena: social media.

"We looked at 4.9 trillion pieces of data across an entire year because we know that a social media campaign can really move a country's perception in the U.S.," Ahrens said. "And that was really the big takeaway from this year's index."

Social-media sentiment accounts for 20% of the index , second only to cultural imprint at 24%. Institutional ties and outward orientation each make up 16%, geopolitical nexus accounts for 10%, economic size 8% and lobbying and Washington influence 6%. BGR says its underlying data comes from publicly available sources, primarily the U.N., U.S. government agencies and established research institutions, while its social-media data is supplied by Meltwater.

For smaller countries, the analysis suggests reputation can produce particularly large swings.

Bahrain was the biggest riser, climbing 22 places , from No. 97 in 2024 to No. 75 in 2026. BGR attributed much of that increase to improved US-facing online sentiment and increased visibility tied to Bahrain’s election to a rotating U.N. Security Council seat, its Arabian Gulf Cup victory and a USS Nimitz port call.

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Georgia moved in the opposite direction, falling 31 positions , from No. 73 to No. 104. BGR said its deteriorating US-facing online sentiment coincided with political unrest and arrests of journalists and opposition leaders.

Ahrens acknowledged that generating attention is not the same as wielding political influence. "Countries that make a lot of noise about themselves do get on the radar, but to stay on the radar, you have to have real accomplishments."

The index attempts to address that distinction by combining sentiment with harder measures such as economic links, institutional rankings, lobbying expenditure and participation in international organizations.

Perhaps BGR’s most unusual example of how national perception can change did not come from a president, diplomat or lobbying operation.

It came from a German soccer fan.

BGR calls it the "Freddy Effect," after a German World Cup visitor whose enthusiastic posts about traveling through the United States went viral this summer.

Ahrens said BGR found that positive sentiment toward Germany increased 13% over roughly three weeks during Freddy’s rise online. BGR links a substantial part of that increase to the reaction generated by his posts, although the data does not independently establish that he alone caused the change.

"Can you recreate a Freddy? I don't know if you can reverse engineer him to that effect," Ahrens said. "But what it shows you is how authentic communication really breaks through on social media."

It is a lesson that may resonate with delegations arriving in New York this week, where hundreds of leaders will have only a few days to secure meetings, shape headlines and make their country’s case.

President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian are set to converge on New York City for the U.N. General Assembly (UNGA) this week, setting up what former White House officials describe as a "dramatic" diplomatic moment, with Tehran’s delegation effectively "captive" under U.S. restrictions amid heightened Middle East tensions.

Pezeshkian, for one, is scheduled to address the assembly on Wednesday, Reuters and Iran's semi-official news agency, Mehr, reported Sunday, with Trump at the rostrum on Tuesday.

"The choreography here is going to make for a fairly dramatic moment," Theo Wold, former acting assistant attorney general and White House domestic policy adviser, told Fox News Digital.

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"For the Iranians, the limitation is going to be that there's going to be less access to the international press and less ability for them to essentially poke the Trump administration in the eye," Wold added before noting that it is "pretty sensible to allow them to participate in the international forum and to discuss whatever issues they think are pertinent to their regime and then tell them to go home."

The high-profile gathering also comes as Trump weighs renewed strikes on Iran amid the almost seven-month war. Tehran, meanwhile, has set seven conditions for talks with Washington, according to Supreme National Security Council Secretary Mohsen Rezaei.

Iran also warned on Sunday against any big new attack by the United States and its allies, saying it had information such a move was being prepared, Reuters reported.

While the U.S. approved visas for Iran’s delegation earlier this week, including Pezeshkian and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, the State Department has placed strict limits on Iranian movements while in Manhattan.

As the host country under a 1947 U.N. agreement, the United States generally must facilitate the entry and transit of foreign representatives traveling to U.N. headquarters, including officials from adversarial nations.

"While ordinary Iranians endure brutal repression, water and electricity shortages, and soaring inflation, the regime's officials want to go on shopping sprees in New York. Not on our watch," U.S. State Department spokesperson Tommy Pigott said on X.

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For Washington, Wold said the U.S. is not obligated to give them unrestricted access beyond diplomatic responsibilities.

"Here, the delegation will be restricted to their accommodation in New York City and the U.N. headquarters there in Manhattan," Wold clarified.

He characterized the move by Washington as a way of telling the delegation it could participate in official discussions but not "go and buy a bunch of microwaves or a small car at Costco or a dealership in the greater New York area."

"Some of the restrictions fully recognize that when Iran comes to New York for UNGA, really it's about them lining their pockets and going on shopping sprees to get household appliances and Rolex watches," Wold said. "They're not going to be going on shopping sprees. They're certainly not going to be hitting up Michelin-starred restaurants in greater Manhattan.

"They also go to Sam’s Club and Walmart and Costco. And that was one of the specific prohibitions issued by the State Department this week: to contact those big-box retailers that require a basic membership and say, ‘You’re not to transact or do any business with Iranians when they arrive, and you’re to notify us when they do.’"

KUSHNER TOUTS UNPRECEDENTED IRAN CONTACTS AS TEHRAN DENIES TRUMP BACKCHANNEL

Despite the restrictions, Wold said UNGA gives Washington the opportunity it has "wanted for quite some time to have a large enough audience, and a sort of captive Iranian delegation" to make some of the essential points for why the administration pursued the actions it did against the Iranian regime.

Iranian state media also reported Sept. 19 that Foreign Ministry spokesperson Esmaeil Baghaei said New York held "absolutely no charm" for the Iranian delegation.

Baghaei, Mehr News Agency reported, went on to accuse the U.S. of using every tool to block the delegation’s participation, asserting that Iran’s attendance is a legal right rather than a favor.

Wold went on to criticize the U.N. for hosting state representatives hostile to American interests while raising security concerns.

"It's going to be one of those things that's fairly perplexing to most Americans," Wold said. "How is it that the representatives of what we have long identified as a hostile regime, but now one that we're actually engaged in combat operations against, one that has killed American service members.

"Why is it that their diplomats get to come to the United Nations and exchange niceties with other kleptocrats or some of their other allies on the international scene."

TWO US SERVICE MEMBERS KILLED IN IRANIAN STRIKES ON JORDAN, CENTCOM SAYS

Wold also added that the United Nations wants to "lecture us about international climate change or the need to trans children, but the other is happy to sort of serve as a forum for obvious violators of human rights and obvious regimes that are contrary to any number of internationally agreed-upon protocols."

Amid the hostility between Washington and Tehran, Wold said the gathering could also provide an opening for diplomacy. Trump is also slated to hold bilateral and sideline meetings with leaders from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to discuss regional security and the Strait of Hormuz.

"There's the hope that there'll be an opportunity for real discussion," Wold said of UNGA. "Everyone's hope, especially from State Department leadership, is that there'll be an opportunity to have a fulsome, sort of meaningful discussion with the Iranians, freed from some of the theatrics the Iranians have engaged in.

"There's a hope that there'll be an opportunity for closed-door private discussions between the United States and Iranians and really try to hammer out some kind of agreement about what a cessation of hostilities will look like."

Wold expressed confidence in Washington’s posture heading into the summit.

"The president is best equipped for these moments. This is really where he sort of shines as a natural leader," he said. "He's not one to bend or to break. It's a precarious time for President Trump, but I have no doubt at all that he'll rise to the moment."

UNITED NATIONS, NEW YORK: President Donald Trump will return to the United Nations this week seeking greater international cooperation in confronting Iran, even as his administration moves to reshape the global institution hosting world leaders, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Mike Waltz told Fox News Digital in an exclusive interview ahead of the gathering.

With the U.S.-Iran war entering its seventh month, Trump is expected to address the General Assembly on Tuesday and meet Gulf leaders whose countries have been directly affected by the conflict.

The gathering comes as Washington seeks to intensify economic pressure on Tehran, European allies confront Russia's ongoing war in Ukraine and the administration faces questions about whether its push to reduce the U.N.'s size and spending risks diminishing the organization's ability to respond to international crises.

BESSENT WARNS IRAN'S OUTSIDE BACKERS TO 'STAY AWAY' AS TRUMP SEEKS TO 'ASPHYXIATE' TEHRAN'S ECONOMY

Waltz outlined what Washington expects from its partners on Iran: full enforcement of sanctions against Tehran, with consequences for countries that fail to comply.

"They will reinforce that message, but importantly, it's all of these countries actually enforcing the sanctions and what they're going to hear is there will be consequences for friend and foe," Waltz said. "The president is doing this for the future security of the world."

European and Asian allies have largely resisted Trump's requests for assistance in the Iran conflict, which began with U.S. and Israeli strikes in February, Reuters reported on on Sept. 18. The war has also disrupted energy markets, with Iran obstructing shipping through the Strait of Hormuz and its Houthi allies tightening their grip on a critical Red Sea shipping corridor.

Waltz said the administration intends to make sanctions enforcement a central part of its diplomatic push during UNGA.

"The Iranian economy continues to crater," Waltz said, pointing to the country's currency, inflation and the U.S. naval blockade. "One way or another, the president has been crystal clear on our goals here that Iran cannot and will not have a nuclear weapon."

His remarks follow a Sept. 17 U.N. Security Council vote in which Russia and China blocked an effort to continue independent monitoring of international sanctions on Iran.

Trump is also expected to meet Gulf leaders to discuss the conflict and regional security. Waltz said that the administration wants to hear directly from its Gulf partners about their concerns, describing the collective meeting as an important diplomatic opportunity.

JEFF BARTOS SAYS UN REFORM IS NO LONGER AN 'OXYMORON' AFTER $570M IN CUTS

The Iran conflict is unfolding against a broader debate over the future of the United Nations, an institution Trump has repeatedly criticized and his administration has sought to substantially reform.

On Sept. 16, the United States paid $725 million toward the U.N.'s regular budget and another $102 million for peacekeeping operations. The payments reduced Washington's outstanding debt and averted the immediate risk of losing its General Assembly voting rights in 2027. However, the U.S. still owed approximately $1.312 billion to the organization's regular budget, according to the U.N.

Asked why American taxpayers should continue funding an organization the administration has repeatedly criticized for what it considers anti-American bias, Waltz pointed to efforts to reduce spending and redirect the institution toward its original mission.

"The president is clear about getting the U.N. back to basics and helping it realize its potential," Waltz told Fox News Digital.

He said the administration had secured more than $1 billion in budget reductions, with roughly 3,000 headquarters positions being cut and a reduction of approximately 25% in peacekeeping personnel.

"We have the U.N. on a diet," Waltz said.

But Waltz also made clear that the administration does not intend to abandon the United Nations.

"There's got to be one place in the world where everyone can come together and put diplomacy first and can actually talk," he said. "We don't ever want to see a U.N. in Beijing or Moscow or Brussels."

"If we just walked away, you'd have 192 countries talking without us," Waltz added.

Gaza offers one example of how the administration intends to use the U.N. while limiting direct American military involvement. Waltz pointed to the U.N.-endorsed Board of Peace and the planned International Stabilization Force, which is intended to support security and a postwar transition in Gaza. The ambassador said he does not want American troops deployed there, arguing that international security operations should allow other countries to share the burden. The U.N. Security Council endorsed the Gaza peace plan and authorized the stabilization force in November 2025.

The State Department said Sept. 18 that Secretary of State Marco Rubio will be in New York from Sept. 20–23 to meet foreign counterparts, advance U.S. security and economic priorities and continue the administration's campaign for U.N. reform.

WALTZ CALLS OUT IRANIAN DIPLOMAT AT UN FOLLOWING DRONE STRIKES ON BAHRAIN AND KUWAIT

Trump arrives in New York days after announcing a new security agreement with Denmark and Greenland aimed at expanding the American military presence in the Arctic while restricting adversaries from establishing bases or making sensitive investments on the island.

The agreement falls short of Trump's earlier ambition to acquire Greenland, which remains an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. Denmark and Greenland have stressed that the arrangement will not compromise the island's sovereignty or right to self-determination. Additional details of the agreement have yet to be made public.

Waltz told Fox News Digital that the deal reflects the Arctic's growing strategic importance as melting ice opens new shipping routes and increases access to energy and mineral resources.

"It's incredibly significant," Waltz said, pointing to Russia's Arctic military capabilities and the potential for new shipping routes to transform global trade.

"It took some tough tweets, maybe some tough language," he said. "We now have an agreement with our ally Denmark."

The agreement comes as European governments confront overlapping security challenges involving Russia's war in Ukraine, Arctic defense and uncertainty over transatlantic security arrangements, while Washington seeks greater allied cooperation in its campaign against Iran.

TRUMP ARRIVES AT NATO SUMMIT AS IRAN RIFT LOOMS ABOVE ALLIANCE TALKS

The U.N. expects 73 heads of state and 45 heads of government, along with 49 ministers, 11 vice presidents and one crown prince, to attend High-Level Week, U.N. spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric told reporters Friday.

Member states have submitted approximately 1,000 requests for bilateral meetings, while about 168 events are scheduled alongside the official proceedings.

The 81st General Assembly's General Debate begins Tuesday and runs through Sept. 28.

Beyond Iran, world leaders are expected to address Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the future of Gaza, international security and the U.N.'s ability to respond to emerging global challenges.

Waltz described the administration's approach with a slogan inspired by the president's political branding: "Make the U.N. great again."

But the immediate diplomatic questions facing Washington are more concrete: whether allies will increase pressure on Iran, whether Gulf leaders can agree on a path toward ending the conflict and whether the administration's push for a leaner U.N. can coexist with its efforts to use the organization to address international security challenges.

The German federal prosecutor’s office recently announced that it indicted seven people for allegedly securing weapons for the Hamas terrorist organization, with the goal of launching terrorist attacks on the second remembrance date of the Oct. 7 massacre in Israel.

The indictment has catapulted the danger of Hamas’ network in Europe to Israeli, American and European installations and citizens into the spotlight.

According to the prosecutor’s office, "All of the accused belong to the foreign terrorist organization Hamas. Some time ago, the organization’s military wing (the so-called Qassam Brigades) began establishing weapons depots in Europe. No later than July 2025, Hamas planned a concrete assassination in Germany or Austria targeting representatives of Israel, people of Jewish faith, or persons with pro-Israel views." The seven suspects were arrested between Oct. 2025 and May 2026.

SUSPECTED HAMAS TERRORIST ARRESTED IN GREECE FOR ALLEGEDLY PLOTTING ATTACK ON ISRAELI CRUISE SHIP

The statement added, "The attack was to take place in close temporal proximity to the second anniversary of Hamas’s assault on Israel on 7 October 2023 — i.e., in early October 2025."

The indictment listed the nationalities and first names and first letter of the last name of the suspects: German national Abed Al G., Danish national Yousif C., Lebanon-born Borhan El-K., Lebanon-born Wael F.M., German national Ahmad I., Lebanon-born Kamel M., Bulgarian national Mohammad S."

German law shields the last names of criminal suspects for privacy reasons.

The German prosecutors said the suspected Hamas terrorists "had already obtained a functional fully automatic rifle, 13 functional pistols and more than 700 rounds of ammunition. Mohammed A., who is being prosecuted separately, transported some of the weapons to Vienna and stored them there."

According to the German paper Die Welt, "One of the accused was working as a confidential informant for Germany’s domestic intelligence agency. The files show that the informant continued reporting to his intelligence handler while allegedly failing to disclose the full extent of his own involvement in obtaining ammunition for the group."

EXCLUSIVE: ISRAEL SEIZES VAST IRAN TERROR AXIS ARSENAL WITH SURPRISING FOREIGN ORIGINS

Sascha Adamek, a German journalist and the author of the 2026 book "Infiltration: Political Islam Continues Its Advance" told Fox News Digital that "Now the policy of previous federal governments is coming back to haunt them: until 2023 they allowed Hamas and its front organizations to use Germany as a ‘safe haven’ for fundraising and recruitment and also for the radicalization of young people. This dirty deal — that Hamas does not use violence in this country and is therefore left to operate freely — has long been obsolete."

According to the most recent Federal German domestic intelligence report, Hamas could have had as many as 650 operatives in Germany during 2025, the last year of tracking. In 2024, 550 Hamas operatives were active and in 2023 the number totaled 450. The intelligence officials wrote in the report that "The figures refer to Germany and are partly estimated and rounded." According to the report, 1,250 Hezbollah operatives are active in Germany.

UN AGENCY ACCUSED OF HAMAS TIES SEES ANOTHER EUROPEAN NATION CUT FUNDING

When asked why Germany is allowing Hamas and Hezbollah operatives and members to conduct activities within its territory, the press office of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior told Fox News Digital in part, that, "Hamas, which has been banned from operating in Germany since 2023, has a network of supporters and followers; however, for many years they have tended to act with restraint in public and avoid any outward signs of connection to the organization."

The Interior Ministry’s press office added that "Hezbollah, which is also subject to a ban on its activities in Germany, is not organized under any nationwide umbrella organization or similar supraregional structure. Rather, its supporters are spread across various associations throughout Germany. The focus of the activities of these associations — which are classified as affiliated with Hezbollah —lies in the religious and cultural spheres, as well as in educational programs for children, youth and adults that promote conservative Islam and a Shi’ite identity. In isolated cases, Hezbollah supporters in Germany have been known to engage in specific acts of support for the organization in Lebanon."

When asked if the German government is lax, as critics argue, about eradicating Hamas and Hezbollah terrorism structures, the Interior Ministry said, "On November 2, 2023, the Federal Ministry of the Interior banned the activities of the terrorist organization Hamas in Germany, as these activities violate German criminal law and run counter to the principle of international understanding… Furthermore, its purpose or activities significantly harm the interests of the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, the Federal Ministry of the Interior had already banned the activities of Hezbollah in Germany on April 30, 2020, as these activities also violate German criminal law and the organization is directed against the principle of international understanding."

The interior ministry noted that "Federal and state security authorities consistently investigate leads regarding possible extremist activities as well as acts subject to criminal prosecution and continuously examine all countermeasures available under the rule of law."

The statement also said, "The Hamas terrorist attack on the State of Israel on October 7, 2023, and the subsequent military operation by Israeli defense forces in the Gaza Strip continue to have an impact on the security situation in Germany and Europe. In addition to the heightened abstract threat level, there continue to be intense pro-Palestinian protests as well as corresponding agitation on social media. Various extremist actors in Germany are inciting hatred and violence against Jews or the State of Israel, or denying its right to exist."

GERMAN OFFICIALS WARN ISLAMIST, FAR-LEFT RHETORIC DRIVING SPIKE IN ANTISEMITIC ATTACKS

The presence of indicted Lebanese men highlights the alliance between the two U.S-designated terrorist organizations, Hamas and the Lebanon-based Hezbollah.

The Iranian regime-backed Hezbollah joined Hamas a day after the Gaza-based terrorist movement invaded Israel in 2023 and slaughtered over 1,200 people.

Germany's Die Welt reported, "The prosecutors alleged the weapons operation was also coordinated from Lebanon, where a Hamas operative allegedly oversaw one of the procurement channels linking members of the network across Europe."

Israel’s Foreign Ministry seized on the report about the planned Hamas terror attacks in Germany and Austria, posting on X:" Palestinian Hamas was planning terror on the streets of Europe. German prosecutors say Hamas plotted attacks in Berlin and Vienna targeting Jewish communities and Israeli diplomats - part of a network allegedly using Turkey as a base for terror operations against European targets. The goal: mark October 7 with more blood."

Matthew Levitt, a leading scholar on Hezbollah and Hamas in Europe from the Washington Institute, told Fox News Digital that "I wrote the only long form, detailed expose on this a while back now in CTC Sentinel [Combating Terrorism Center}, based on court documents and extensive interviews." He added, "Hamas continues plotting in Europe, overseen by senior Qassam Brigades officials in Lebanon and with direct ties to senior Hamas leadership. One of the people arrested in Europe is the son of a senior Hamas leader, Basem Naim."

Levitt published his article titled "Hamas Plots in Europe: A Shift Toward External Operations?" in the Oct. 2025 issue of the West Point journal CTC.

Levitt cited a 2024 German prosecution indictment of alleged Hezbollah terrorists planning possible attacks against an American military base and Israel's embassy. Levitt wrote "The weapons, German officials concluded, ‘were intended to expand Hamas’ activities in Europe. ‘As the investigation progressed, German authorities determined — based on materials found on one of the defendants’ USB storage devices — that the Hamas operatives were considering specific targets in Germany, including the Israeli embassy in Berlin, the U.S. Ramstein Air Base in Rhineland-Palatinate and the area around Berlin’s Tempelhof airport."

Israel’s Ambassador to Germany, Ron Prosor, warned that Hamas remains a serious security threat. He told the German media outlet, Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland (RND), that "Germany has gone from being a retreat for Hamas to an active terrorist target." He stressed Hamas’ ideology and terrorism affects "all of us" and a coordinated response is required.

Ukraine delivered a barrage of missiles and more than 1,000 drones on Russia, which Moscow is calling the "largest ever" of the war and an attack on its parliamentary elections.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy hailed the strike at the "dollars that support the war machine" as a push for Russia to "end its brutal war and choose peace."

"Tonight in the Moscow region, our long-range responses were felt very acutely," Zelenskyy wrote early Sunday morning on X. "One of the key enterprises of the Russian Federation's oil industry and an aggressor's logistics facility have been struck. These are billions of dollars that support the war machine."

UKRAINE UNLEASHES MORE THAN 400 DRONES NEAR MOSCOW IN ONE OF WAR'S BIGGEST ATTACKS

Zelenskyy added that the Ukraine attack was a stern response to Russian aggression, making a future call for the U.S., Europe and the G7 to deliver "new sanctions."

"This week alone, Russia has launched more than 2,000 attack drones against us, most of them jet-powered, as well as 1,700 aerial bombs and 19 missiles of various types," he wrote on X. "Ukraine is constantly looking for and finding ways to defend itself and respond to these attacks on life.

"It is important that our partners also look for and find ways to make Russia feel its war. Now is the right moment to take new sanctions steps against the aggressor and force peace through strength. The United States has the means to do this, Europe has them, and so does every G7 country. We are counting on new, strong steps."

The Kremlin was wrapping up the third and last day of its parliamentary elections this weekend and said two were killed and 20 wounded, according local Gov. Andrei Vorobyov.

UKRAINE LAUNCHES WHAT APPEARS TO BE ONE OF ITS LARGEST DRONE ATTACKS AGAINST RUSSIA: REPORT

"The biggest attack by enemy drones has been repelled," Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin wrote on Telegram. "This unprecedented attack was clearly planned with the aim of disrupting the elections. The enemy did not succeed."

Russia’s Ministry of Defense said that its forces shot down a total of 1,110 Ukrainian drones across the country, as well as over the peninsula of Crimea and the waters of the Black Sea.

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin said that 450 drones had been destroyed en route to the Russian capital, and that the attack had damaged the Moscow Oil Refinery and a residential building.

"Moscow must end its brutal war and choose peace instead of building layered rings of air defense at the expense of other regions," Zelenskyy wrote in a second X post. "Steps toward de-escalation are on the table – in energy and food security. What is needed is political will. I thank everyone who is strengthening Ukraine’s long-range capabilities. I am grateful to everyone who complements our long-range responses with responses through sanctions."

Ukraine continued to fend off Russian attacks, according to Zelenskyy. A Russian drone strike hit a monastery in Ukraine’s Kherson region Saturday, killing a member of the clergy and wounding four people, he said.

BRINGING THE WAR TO PUTIN’S FRONT DOOR: IS UKRAINE’S ENERGY STRIKE STRATEGY WORKING?

A Russian attack on the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv also killed three children and their mother Saturday night, according to Tymur Tkachenko, head of the Kyiv regional state administration.

Ukraine's latest drone strikes took place on the final day of Russia’s first wartime parliamentary election — balloting that has been virtually devoid of opposition to President Vladimir Putin’s policies.

Russia was also holding the vote in the four Ukrainian regions that Moscow claimed after the war began but still does not fully control, and in Crimea, the Black Sea peninsula that was Russia invaded in 2014.

Putin accused Ukraine of trying to interfere in the election, citing what he said was a Ukrainian strike that killed an election official in her home in the Russian-controlled part of Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia region Tuesday. Reuters could not independently verify details of the attack and there was no comment from Kyiv.

Putin told the nation in a televised address before the election that the vote would underline support for Russian troops fighting in Ukraine.

"Your choice, and your will, will once again demonstrate that millions of people stand behind our soldiers, that we are a united people bound together by shared values, historical memory, and love for our homeland, and that no one will succeed in dividing or intimidating us," Putin said.

The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.

EXCLUSIVE: Nonpublic 2024-2026 roadmap shows Moscow and Tehran building financial, energy and industrial ties, creating new channels for trade and cooperation as both face mounting Western sanctions.

A nonpublic Russian government document obtained and reviewed by Fox News Digital reveals how Moscow sought to deepen its relationship with Iran far beyond conventional trade — laying out plans for alternative financial channels, nuclear cooperation, Iranian production of Russian aircraft components, major energy projects and new transportation routes stretching toward the Persian Gulf.

The 44-page Russian-language document, titled "Plan for Cooperation Between the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran for 2024-2026," is marked "For official use" and was approved on the Russian side on Sept. 2, 2024. It assigns ministries, agencies and state companies responsibility for projects and sets deadlines extending through the end of 2026.

PUTIN AND IRAN 'NEED EACH OTHER DESPERATELY,' EXPERT SAYS, AS RUSSIA VOICES SUPPORT FOR REGIME

The document predates the current war involving Iran and the United States by well over a year, meaning it does not establish which projects remain active or how the conflict may have altered Moscow’s plans.

But an independent review of the Russian-language document, along with subsequent public reporting, shows that a number of initiatives described in the roadmap later advanced or materialized.

Keti Korkiya, a research analyst with the Foundation for Defense of Democracies’ Russia Program, reviewed the document for Fox News Digital and said its significance lies less in any single project than in the architecture Moscow was trying to build around the relationship.

"The roadmap is not revelatory: people paying close attention to the relationship between Russia and Iran will see many collaborations between the two countries that have been public for years," Korkiya said in written analysis provided to Fox News Digital.

WHY TRUMP IS DOWNPLAYING REPORTS RUSSIA AND CHINA ARE HELPING IRAN

"What is more revealing is the architecture of the relationship Moscow is trying to build," she said, pointing to financial mechanisms, transportation routes, energy investment and aviation cooperation as different ways of reducing vulnerabilities created by sanctions and Western economic pressure.

"These are nonpublic high-level documents that illustrate the comprehensive cooperation between Russia and Iran," a European intelligence source who reviewed the material told Fox News Digital.

"It is also strategic, sensitive and highly politicized, focusing on areas like nuclear programs, energy trade and financial transactions that aim to evade the U.S. sanctions," the source said.

A U.S. official, responding on background to questions from Fox News Digital about the financial provisions, said U.S. sanctions have "severely isolated Russia and Iran from the international financial system," adding that efforts by the two countries to develop alternative financial channels and other sanctions-evasion schemes were therefore "not surprising."

The official said Washington closely tracks attempts by sanctioned jurisdictions to develop alternative cross-border payment mechanisms and would seek to disrupt those that facilitate sanctions evasion or illicit finance.

The Russian document itself does not use the phrase "sanctions evasion." Instead, it repeatedly calls for increased use of national currencies, independent financial channels and measures to counter what Moscow describes as "unilateral restrictive measures."

TRUMP THREATENS 'UNPRECEDENTED' ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES FOR ANY NATION AIDING IRAN

Some of the clearest provisions concern how Russia and Iran intended to move money.

The plan set a target of increasing the share of bilateral trade conducted in national currencies from 68% in 2024 to 71% by 2026, while also seeking to expand correspondent accounts denominated in national currencies.

More ambitiously, the roadmap calls for the Bank of Russia and the Central Bank of Iran to develop the use of central bank digital currencies for cross-border settlements.

Another provision calls for "ensuring the use of independent systems for transmitting financial messages," including connecting financial institutions to independent channels for exchanging financial information.

The document does not identify which messaging system would be used or explicitly state that the goal was to bypass SWIFT or U.S. financial controls.

But some of that financial integration later became public.

In February 2025, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexei Overchuk said Russia and Iran had "practically completely" shifted bilateral settlements into national currencies using their own systems for transmitting financial and banking messages. Interfax, a Russian news agency, reported that the effort was part of a broader push toward independent payment infrastructure between the two countries.

Iran’s ambassador to Russia also said in February 2025 that Tehran and Moscow no longer needed SWIFT for bilateral banking relations and were using their own confidential bank-messaging systems. He said the initial phase of linking Iran’s Shetab payment network with Russia’s Mir system had begun the previous year.

Korkiya said the significance of those measures is cumulative.

IRAN REGIME USES FORMER SOVIET REPUBLIC TO DODGE SANCTIONS, FUND WAR MACHINE: REPORT

"Individually, none of these initiatives is transformative," she wrote. "Collectively, however, they amount to an attempt to remove single points of vulnerability and build redundancy into the Russia-Iran economic relationship."

The financial effort is paired with a political one.

The roadmap calls for Russia and Iran to coordinate through BRICS and other international institutions against "unilateral trade restrictions," while another provision proposes studying ways to counter "unilateral restrictive measures" and their impact on global markets.

Korkiya said that goes beyond simply finding workarounds.

"Especially interesting is that the roadmap also goes beyond practical sanctions workarounds and includes an effort to build an intellectual and diplomatic campaign against sanctions themselves," she wrote, citing plans for expert communities, discussion platforms and an international forum focused on unilateral restrictions.

A U.S. official told Fox News Digital that financial institutions and intermediaries enabling sanctions evasion expose themselves to "significant sanctions risks," adding that Washington would continue working with partners to "identify, expose and disrupt these networks wherever they emerge."

The official also pushed back on the idea that alternative Russia-Iran systems could displace Western financial infrastructure.

"Russia and Iran can try to build alternative financial channels, but they cannot replicate the reach, liquidity or trust of the U.S. dollar and the international financial system," the official said. "Their efforts will not weaken the effectiveness of U.S. sanctions."

CHINA, RUSSIA, IRAN AND NORTH KOREA FORM 'AXIS OF AGGRESSORS' THAT COULD OVERWHELM US, BOOK WARNS

The financial architecture sits alongside another strategically sensitive pillar of the relationship: civilian nuclear energy.

The plan assigns Russia’s state nuclear corporation Rosatom continued responsibility at Iran’s Bushehr nuclear power plant, including fuel and maintenance support for Unit 1 and continuing construction work associated with Units 2 and 3.

The cooperation did not remain solely on paper.

On Sept. 2, 2026, Rosatom said Russian specialists had begun returning to Bushehr, that Unit 1 was preparing for scheduled maintenance and partial fuel replacement, and that nuclear fuel had already been delivered to the site. Rosatom also said work was continuing on the plant and that additional Russian specialists were expected to arrive.

Korkiya noted that the Bushehr Units 2 and 3 project predates the 2024 roadmap, meaning the document did not originate that cooperation but rather incorporated an existing strategic project into the broader Russia-Iran framework.

"Such strategies and protocols confirm that Russia and Iran are closely aligned countries, and Russia almost certainly continues and aims to increase its current cooperation with Iran also in 2026," the European intelligence source said.

Fox News Digital sought comment from Rosatom on the document and the current status of its work in Iran.

The roadmap also identifies specific Iranian oil and gas fields where Moscow sought a role.

It names Shadegan, Kish and North Pars, assigning Russia’s Energy Ministry and unspecified "interested Russian companies" responsibility for advancing the projects.

Those companies are not named in the roadmap. For several projects, the financing column is marked "Confidential."

There is evidence that at least one of the named projects advanced.

Interfax reported on Feb. 13, 2026 that Russian state-owned ZN-Vostok was developing Iran’s Shadegan oil field, while Iranian officials said Tehran hoped to expand Russian investment across additional oil and gas projects.

The roadmap sets milestones for Shadegan through the end of 2025, while work involving Kish and North Pars runs into 2026 and includes legal, commercial and project-analysis work.

That pattern appears repeatedly through the document: ministries, deadlines and strategic objectives are spelled out, while some of the participating companies or financing arrangements remain undisclosed.

BESSENT WARNS IRAN'S OUTSIDE BACKERS TO 'STAY AWAY' AS TRUMP SEEKS TO 'ASPHYXIATE' TEHRAN'S ECONOMY

One of the more unusual provisions goes beyond ordinary trade.

The roadmap calls for Russia to help establish production in Iran of individual parts and assemblies for Russian aircraft.

Russian authorities were instructed to determine which aircraft parts could be repaired or manufactured in Iran, identify Iranian companies capable of producing them, certify selected sites through Russia’s aviation regulator Rosaviatsiya and conclude a localization agreement.

The roadmap set a March 31, 2026 deadline for an agreement on localized production and a Dec. 31, 2026 target for launching prototype production.

Public evidence does show that aviation cooperation advanced in the related area of aircraft maintenance.

In February 2025, Rosaviatsiya’s chief said three Iranian companies had been approved to perform maintenance and airworthiness work on Russian-operated aircraft after an Aeroflot Airbus A330 underwent maintenance in Tehran.

The Russian government also publicly discussed deeper aviation-industrial cooperation with Iran that month, including aircraft manufacturing and joint work on jet engines for passenger aircraft.

But Fox News Digital has not independently verified that the more ambitious provision in the roadmap — manufacturing Russian aircraft components inside Iran — was implemented.

The document also lays out an effort to strengthen the physical transportation network linking Russia and Iran.

It calls for work on a proposed railway built to Russia’s 1,520-millimeter track gauge, stretching from Iran’s border with Azerbaijan toward Iranian ports on the Persian Gulf.

The proposal remained in the planning and negotiation stage in the roadmap.

Separately, Moscow sought to advance the Rasht-Astara railway, a roughly 162-kilometer missing link in the International North-South Transport Corridor.

That project subsequently moved beyond the purely conceptual stage.

Russia and Iran formally launched engineering surveys for the railway in May 2025, according to Russia’s Transport Ministry.

Korkiya said the project had still not reached full construction by late summer 2026, with Russian and Iranian officials continuing to work on the implementation and construction arrangements. She also identified another provision: Iranian investment in port infrastructure in Astrakhan, Russia.

The roadmap calls for a terminal there using Iranian investment, along with warehouses, a logistics park and grain and vegetable-oil facilities. Korkiya found that an Iranian-owned company later operated a terminal in Astrakhan with a railway spur and was building grain and vegetable-oil storage facilities that closely tracked the roadmap’s description, although the document does not identify that company by name and the match cannot be definitively established.

Taken together, the transport provisions point to an effort to build physical trade routes that are less dependent on traditional European corridors.

The roadmap reaches well beyond finance and heavy industry.

It calls for content exchange, journalist training and joint media production, including at least two joint projects and ‘professional training’ for Iranian journalists.

It also calls for Russian technology companies to secure at least two contracts in Iran involving information and communications technology, including "information security," telecommunications and the video-game industry.

US ECONOMIC CHOKEHOLD ON IRAN REACHES PEAK LEVERAGE AS COLLAPSE RISKS EMERGE

The official overseeing the Russian side of the relationship also has a direct connection to President Vladimir Putin’s extended family.

Russian Energy Minister Sergei Tsivilev chairs the Russian side of the Permanent Russian-Iranian Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation.

Tsivilev is married to Anna Tsivileva, a Russian deputy defense minister and the daughter of Putin’s late cousin, Reuters reported when Putin appointed her to the Defense Ministry in June 2024.

The European intelligence source argued that the connection reflects the political importance Moscow attaches to Iran.

"It should be emphasized that on Russia's part, the economic cooperation with Iran is coordinated and managed by a representative of Vladimir Putin's extended family," the source said.

"This indicates that the Iranian matter is not just one of many bureaucratic issues in the agenda of the Russian government. But it holds significant value for the interest of the Vladimir Putin regime."

"What is also notable is the degree of state coordination and institutionalization behind this effort," she said, pointing to the involvement of central banks, ministries, regulators and state companies, as well as formal deadlines and confidential financing in some projects.

"That suggests Moscow is trying to turn what could otherwise remain a politically convenient partnership into something more durable and bureaucratically embedded," Korkiya said.

Russian and Iranian officials did not respond to multiple requests for comment from Fox News Digital. Fox News Digital also sought comment from Rosatom and from Russian officials responsible for Moscow’s participation in BRICS.

A "devoted" father and grandfather-to-be was reportedly killed by a shark this week while swimming at a beach in Australia.

Greg O'Neill, 63, was swimming at Sorrento Beach in the northern suburbs of Perth in Western Australia on Friday when the attack happened in front of horrified beachgoers.

"I couldn’t believe there was that much blood (that had) come out of a human body," Ryan Rowe, a resident who went to the beach soon after the attack, told The West Australian newspaper.

AUSTRALIAN SURFER RISKED HIS LIFE TO SAVE FELLOW SURFER WHO HAD BEEN ATTACKED BY A SHARK

O’Neill’s death also prompted Australia's fisheries minister, Jackie Jarvis, to make the rare call for a catch-and-kill of the great white, which is a protected species.

"In making that decision, I considered the exceptional circumstances of the attack, the hazard posed by the shark, and the potential recovery of coronial evidence," she said.

MAN DIES AFTER ATTACK BY 13-FOOT GREAT WHITE SHARK NEAR POPULAR ISLAND RESORT: OFFICIALS

Police haven’t said if O’Neill’s remains have been found, but added they were confident the "swimmer died as a result of the attack."

Witness Darrel Haythornthwaite told Nine Network television that O’Neill was swimming with a friend when he was attacked.

"I was just shocked. I mean, I feel for his mate," Haythornthwaite said. "He's apologized and said 'I didn't save my mate’ … I said, 'You couldn't have done anything.'"

AUSTRALIAN MOTHER HEALING WITH 'BEAUTIFUL MESSAGES' AFTER LOSING ARM TO SHARK ATTACK

O’Neill told ABC News Australia, "Our family is deeply shocked and devastated by the terrible tragedy that took the life of father, grandfather-to-be, brother, uncle, husband and friend, Greg James O'Neill."

"He was a generous, devoted family man that gave his children so much love, care and opportunity. Greg loved the ocean and was known as a passionate swimmer, sports lover, dedicated worker and an all round generous, witty guy," the family added. "The kind thoughts and support from everyone who has reached out are deeply appreciated."

A surfer also suffered a serious leg injury on Monday in a shark attack about 250 miles north of Perth.

O’Neill was the fifth fatal shark attack this year.

Three spearfishing divers were killed between May and June in attacks and a 12-year-old boy was killed in Sydney Harbor in January.

Cuba experienced a total power failure Friday, according to the U.S. Embassy in Havana.

The embassy said the failure was due to the "collapse of Cuba’s electrical grid."

According to Cuban regime media, the reason for the collapse is under investigation and the timeline to restore power is unknown."

"All U.S. citizens in Cuba or planning to travel to Cuba should be aware and plan accordingly. There are reports of cellphone and internet outages," the embassy added, noting that Cuba’s electrical grid is "increasingly unstable," which has led to "multiple" nationwide power outages in the last few months.

CUBA’S ECONOMIC FREEFALL IS HIDING A NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT JUST MILES FROM FLORIDA: REPORT

The embassy added, "The electrical system remains vulnerable, and additional regular outages have been occurring more frequently and for longer periods. Scheduled power cuts occur daily, and unscheduled outages persist throughout Cuba."

Cuba’s energy ministry also posted about the power outage on social media.

LEFT-WING INFLUENCER DOWNPLAYS CUBA BLACKOUTS: WORSENING SHORTAGES; 'PEOPLE ARE PARTYING'

The country’s power system has been struggling because of fuel shortages, the U.S.-imposed oil blockade and crumbling infrastructure.

CUBA’S DICTATORSHIP HAS LONG BEEN A THREAT TO AMERICA. NOW, IT’S FINALLY TEETERING

Even when there isn’t a national outage, the country often endures rolling blackouts that leave millions without power.

The last national outage happened just last month, and Friday's marks the seventh this year.

Three people have died from malaria after a mosquito was transported aboard a flight to Germany, according to reports.

Several people were rushed to a hospital amid a rare outbreak of the tropical disease following flights to Frankfurt, The Sun reported. 

It was unclear where the flights departed from.

The third person, a resident of Schwanheim, just north of the airport, died recently. In August, an airport worker also died from the disease. Neither had traveled to a malaria-endemic region.

MEASLES-INFECTED TRAVELER MAY HAVE EXPOSED PASSENGERS AT LAX AND NEARBY HOTEL, HEALTH OFFICIALS WARN

Another German resident also came down with malaria, which can only be contracted from the bite of an infected mosquito and cannot be spread from human to human.

"Both individuals had become infected with the ​malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum, even though they had not traveled to a malaria-endemic region and had not worked ​at the airport," city officials said.

DEADLY MOSQUITO-BORNE VIRUS CLAIMS FIRST LIFE IN MAJOR US CITY AS CASES SPREAD

The terrifying phenomenon, known as "airport malaria," occurs when an infected mosquito becomes trapped aboard a plane or inside luggage, is carried to a malaria-free area and bites someone locally.

In July, airport officials set traps around the property to contain the malaria outbreak, The Sun reported.

WEST NILE VIRUS DETECTED IN SOUTHERN STATE AS HEALTH OFFICIALS WARN RESIDENTS ABOUT MOSQUITOES

Germany's Robert Koch Institute, the agency responsible for disease control and public health, said airport workers became ill after contracting malaria between July 4 and July 6.

In total, six employees contracted the disease, according to Fraport, the firm that operates Frankfurt Airport, The Express reported.

"We have provided comprehensive information to all employees and encourage them to consult a doctor if they experience any symptoms," the firm said.

Iran’s sanctioned Persian Gulf Straits Authority (PGSA) regained secure online access for four days after a Shanghai-based internet security firm provided and then revoked its web credentials, enabling Tehran to vet vessels, collect Strait of Hormuz tolls and operate despite U.S. digital restrictions, global internet monitors said.

TrustAsia issued an automated domain-validated certificate, a routine process that verifies control of a website domain through server checks and typically does not involve manual vetting or background checks.

The move prompted U.S. sanctions experts, including Jeremy Paner, a partner at Hughes Hubbard & Reed, to urge TrustAsia to review its compliance program before offering further services to the IRGC-linked maritime authority — with Paner warning them to act "before it is too late."

The PGSA first said its website was disrupted Aug. 10 because of "the enemy's political influence on the internet service provision systems," according to a post on X.

IRAN REQUESTS TALKS WITH US AS WHITE HOUSE WARNS 'VIOLENCE WILL BE MET WITH VIOLENCE'

NetBlocks CEO Alp Toker told Fox News Digital that the authority had lost its web security credentials after the entity was added to the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) sanctions list on May 27.

The loss of standard SSL/TLS certificates, Toker said, made the PGSA website inaccessible using standard browsers. This forced shipping firms to use unencrypted connections that, according to Toker, could leave their data vulnerable to interception.

While no data breaches resulting from the use of these connections have been made known, and there are no known instances in which a shipping firm’s data was intercepted and used to its detriment because of the certificate expiration, Toker said the site’s inaccessibility resulted in a shift to what he described as "insecure protocols."

"The digital transparency records are authoritative on this," he said, adding that the measure forced the traffic into a format that could be readily intercepted.

"This is a class of vulnerability open to government exploitation, rather than a corporate breach or personal data leak."

Toker claimed this could make it easier for authorities to read communications sent through the platform, potentially identifying shipping firms collaborating with the PGSA.

TRUMP SAYS IRAN WILL PAY — WHAT IT TAKES TO END THE WAR REMAINS UNCLEAR

"The net result was that the website was more difficult to access, because most web browsers strongly encourage the use of secure HTTPS," Toker said, adding that any form submissions could have been easily "eavesdropped on because they're no longer encrypted in transit."

"The mentioned issue has been resolved, and the secure domain https://pgsa.ir is now once again available for submitting requests using any browser," the PGSA said six days later on Aug. 17 and in another post shared on X.

"If the issue recurs in the future, the HTTP domain will again be temporarily available using the Firefox browser."

Toker confirmed that Iran had turned to Shanghai-based certificate authority TrustAsia Technologies, which he said issued new digital security credentials to the PGSA despite the U.S. sanctions, restoring secure access to its website. 

"Iran’s IRGC extorts vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz through the so-called Persian Gulf Strait Authority," the Treasury Department said in May when designating the entity, adding that the PGSA "spearheads an Iranian-controlled scheme that flagrantly violates international law and U.S. sanctions."

"Anyone cooperating with the so-called strait authority may be providing support to and receiving services from the IRGC, which ultimately benefits from this attempted extortion, and may therefore be exposed to sanctions risk," the Treasury Department warned.

The Chinese firm bills itself as a "leading and professionally certified certification authority in China with its focus on trusted, secure and cryptographic communications in the digital world."

Its mission, it says, is to "Build trust everywhere in the digital world."

"Almost all of these root authorities do business with the U.S., so they tend to comply with U.S. sanctions," Toker said.

But TrustAsia, he noted, had "gone its own way, building a China-first certificate infrastructure that sidesteps the West."

Toker said TrustAsia had "simply gone ahead and issued Iran's PGSA with a new certificate, and Iran was once again collecting revenue from ships passing the Strait via its secure online portal."

TRUMP CALLS ON ARAB NATIONS TO SIGN ABRAHAM ACCORDS

Paner warned that U.S. authorities would have enforcement powers over such actions.

"The U.S. has incredibly broad authority to impose sanctions on non-Iranian companies that provide any sorts of services to sanctioned Iranian companies," he told Fox News Digital.

"Many times, that authority will be abbreviated or explained as being providers of material support to sanctioned Iranian companies. But in fact, any level of services whatsoever could be the basis for the United States imposing sanctions against the company for providing services to Iran."

"Restoration of the certificate is unequivocally sanctionable," Paner warned.

"Restoring the certificate is/was a service provided to the PGSA, which can be the basis for imposing sanctions pursuant to Executive Order 13224, as amended.

"That authority does not in any way require that the service be ‘knowingly’ provided to the PGSA. In other words, the automated nature of the service is irrelevant and does not make the service any less sanctionable," the lawyer added.

In a statement to Fox News Digital on Aug. 20, a spokesperson for TrustAsia confirmed that the firm issued a "Domain Validated TLS certificate for pgsa.ir."

"Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention," the firm said before clarifying that "DV certificates are issued through automated validation of control over the requested domain names."

IRAN ACCELERATES EXECUTION CAMPAIGN AGAINST ANTI-REGIME ACTIVISTS AMID INTERNET CENSORSHIP

"This process does not verify or assert the legal identity, affiliation, or sanctions status of the entity operating or benefiting from the domain.

"As a result, the relationship described in your inquiry was not identified during the automated issuance process." Following the firm's review, TrustAsia said it "added the entire pgsa.ir domain namespace to our restricted-issuance list to prevent further issuance or renewal."

"We also expect to complete revocation of the existing certificate within this week," the spokesman said on Aug. 20.

These actions are precautionary compliance and risk-control measures. They should not be interpreted as a finding that the certificate was technically misissued, TrustAsia said.

Toker confirmed the TrustAsia certificate's privilege had been withdrawn on Aug. 21 at 12:15:25 UTC. "This usually means the issuer has taken action," he said.

The internet expert clarified that the revocation will gradually be coming into effect, with the firm "signaling that the PGSA certificate should no longer be trusted, and they're distributing this notice that privilege is withdrawn, usually meaning customer misuse or breached terms of use."

"The secure website will stop working in most browsers, unless the owners can find a certificate authority that's willing to issue a new certificate," Toker said.

IRAN’S UNSEEN SUPREME LEADER BECOMES WEAPON IN ESCALATING POWER STRUGGLE, EXPERTS SAY

After reviewing TrustAsia's statement, Paner also said that OFAC would expect the company to "use the discovery as an opportunity to enhance its compliance program before it is too late."

The former OFAC official clarified that Iran's revenue collection in the waterway would likely draw high-level scrutiny in Washington.

"Iran's attempt to extort the world in the movement of oil through the Strait of Hormuz is of the utmost importance to OFAC, which is the agency that implements and enforces U.S. economic sanctions."

Because major U.S. web browsers currently recognize TrustAsia’s root certificates, American systems would have automatically trusted the sanctioned Iranian portal.

Toker claimed the Treasury Department could have found TrustAsia in violation of sanctions for providing material assistance to a blocked entity, potentially forcing tech giants such as Google and Microsoft to revoke trust in TrustAsia.

There is no evidence that this process had begun or was likely to occur.

"This could have splintered the global chain of trust and potentially render much of the Chinese web inaccessible from the West," Toker warned.

IRAN IS NOT A NORMAL NATION YOU CAN MAKE DEALS WITH; IT’S A NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT

Paner clarified that the certificates authenticate the site, boosting its credibility, and suggested TrustAsia should have weighed the risks of working with sanctioned entities.

"There's always reputational risk involved in any company that decides to do business with the IRGC."

"If I were advising TrustAsia, I would at minimum immediately identify all other IRGC companies receiving services."

Paner added that this latest situation aligned with broader warnings from administration officials.

"I think this dovetails pretty nicely with Secretary Bessent's comments about how the coming sanctions are going to be unlike any that has come prior. Sanctions require a careful balancing of the costs and the benefits.

"When it's a Chinese tech company providing necessary services to the IRGC, I'm confident that the U.S. government is going to forego any sort of balancing in that regard."

The United States on Aug. 24 had sanctioned nearly 60 Iran-linked individuals, entities and vessels and expanded the threat of secondary sanctions, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said. These did not include TrustAsia.

Bessent described the measures as part of an "economic onslaught" targeting Tehran’s global financial networks under "Operation Economic Outcast."

A Chinese Embassy spokesperson also said in a statement: "I am not aware of the specifics you mentioned. I have no information to provide."

Fox News Digital reached out to the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the White House for comment.

Russian State Duma elections began Friday — the first since the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 — including in its occupied areas there, where Russia will look to reinforce the illusion of popular support for its full-scale invasion and annexation of eastern Ukraine.

OSCE election observers are not invited to monitor the outcome of the elections, a telling signal, critics say, that the Kremlin has no intentions of conducting free and fair elections.

"Russia’s refusal to invite an election observation mission seriously breaches its international commitments and shows a worrying disregard for democratic standards. Election observation is not optional — it is something that all OSCE participating States have agreed to, and it is a cornerstone of transparency and accountability," OSCE Parliamentary Assembly President Pere Joan Pons told Fox News Digital.

Russia enacted strict censorship laws after the invasion, criminalizing any dissent about the operation or the armed forces and spreading misinformation about the war.

CIA DIRECTOR JOHN RATCLIFFE MET WITH RUSSIAN INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS IN VISIT TO MOSCOW, KREMLIN SAYS

As the Kremlin has tried to keep popular support in favor of its war against Ukraine, a Russian court sentenced Lev Shlosberg, a vocal critic and leader of one of Russia’s only opposition parties to over 11 years in a penal colony for criticizing the war. Prior to Shlosberg’s sentencing, Russia's Supreme Court banned his opposition Yabloko Party from participating in September’s Duma elections.

There are nine parties on the list, all supportive of Putin, including the Kremlin's own United Party in the elections, The Associated Press reported. 

Shortly after Russia’s invasion in 2022, Moscow unilaterally annexed portions of occupied Ukrainian territory in Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia. In 2023, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed legislation allowing elections to take place in the occupied territories. Ukraine and the international community do not recognize Russian sovereignty over the occupied regions.

Elections in Russia, and by extension in the occupied territory, are seen by his critics as window-dressing opportunities used by Putin to highlight his narrative that the war in Ukraine and the annexation of Ukrainian territory was a legitimate and lawful action.

Keti Korkiya from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies Russia Program told Fox News Digital that, "Russians are ready to support, symbolically, Putin, the Kremlin and the war, but if they have to pay a personal price, or even [an] economic price, they are unwilling to do that. That's why Russia has not done another wave of mobilization."

The upcoming elections, like most elections in Russia, will take place under a climate of pervasive fear and manipulation, not the freedom to exercise a democratic right, according to critics.

"It’s a total regime of terror," Jaroslava Barbieri, research fellow at the Ukraine Forum at Chatham House, told Fox News Digital.

The last time Russian elections were held in the occupied territories was in 2024, when Putin secured a fifth term in office, winning nearly 90% of the vote. Residents in occupied Ukraine were forced to acquire Russian passports, which is how authorities are able to compile lists of voters.

FORMER GEORGIAN PRIME MINISTER SAYS NATION'S ELECTION WAS 'RIGGED,' AND 'WRITTEN IN MOSCOW'

"Election officials are escorted by Russian soldiers carrying ballot boxes door-to-door. Ostensibly framed as a security measure against Ukrainian partisan strikes, this is about direct intimidation, and it is a flagrant violation of international law," Barbieri added.

President Vladimir Putin said in August that the State Duma elections will reaffirm Russia's stability on the world stage, noting the election will highlight the "maturity" of Russia’s political system and resilience in the face of foreign aggression, according to Turkey's Anadolu Agency.

Russia’s Central Election Commission (CEC) approved new electoral regulations that will be implemented in occupied Ukraine. The Commission stressed the importance of early and at-home voting to prevent large gatherings which could be exploited by Ukrainian attacks.

Russia's ministry of foreign affairs posted on X that preparations for overseas voting in Russia’s State Duma elections are nearly complete. It said there are 326 polling stations set up at Russian embassies and consulates in 152 countries.

Volodymyr Ariev, a member of the Ukrainian Parliament, said people living in temporarily occupied Ukrainian territories should boycott the staged Russian elections.

"Any sort of elections held in the temporarily occupied Ukrainian territories is illegal and a breach of international law. Ukraine will never recognize any person ‘elected’ as a member of Parliament in the temporarily occupied territories," Ariev told Fox News Digital.

Ariev said people living in the occupied east should leave their homes and spend election day someplace else, to avoid being coerced into voting.

PUTIN PLANS FOR NEXT 6-YEAR TERM AS RUSSIANS VOTE IN 'NEITHER FREE NOR FAIR ELECTION'

Ivana Stradner, who focuses on Russian information security and influence operations at the FDD, says as Russia’s battlefield momentum stalls, the costs of war mount, and Ukraine brings the conflict to Russia’s doorstep, Putin is seeking political legitimacy this election.

"The State Duma elections give the Kremlin a chance to manufacture the appearance of public support… not only for United Russia, but for continuing Putin’s aggression in Ukraine. When the battlefield gets harder to sell, the ballot box becomes another way to sell the war," Stradner told Fox News Digital.

In the 2024 presidential elections, the annexed Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic delivered well above the current targeted 70% support, voting well over 90% for President Putin.

"Apparently, in Putin’s version of democracy, the voters get to choose… just not the result," Stradner added. The three days of voting ends on September 20.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

The Archbishop of Canterbury's office has withdrawn an interfaith award given to a Muslim cleric after past comments surfaced in which he praised Osama bin Laden.

Maulana Hafiz Muhammad Tahir Mehmood Ashrafi received the Hubert Walter Award for Reconciliation and Interfaith Cooperation at Lambeth Palace last Friday, during a ceremony that coincided with the 25th anniversary of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.

Lambeth Palace announced the reversal Thursday after previous comments by Ashrafi had "come to light," causing it to reconsider the award.

"It is a longstanding principle of interfaith dialogue and co-operation that we must engage with one another across deeply-held differences, and that remains the case," Lambeth Palace said in a statement.

BUSH REVIVES ‘ISLAM IS PEACE’ MESSAGE WITH FRESH FOCUS ON POST-9/11 MOSQUE VISIT

"However, previous comments made by Imam Ashrafi have come to light that have led Lambeth Palace to reconsider this award and we can now confirm today that the award has been withdrawn," the statement continued. "We have contacted Imam Ashrafi to make him aware of this decision."

Lambeth Palace added that it continues "to pray for the Christian community in Pakistan, and for all those working for interfaith dialogue and harmony in Pakistan and around the world."

According to Lambeth Palace, the award was given to Ashrafi because of his "longstanding support for religious minorities in Pakistan, particularly the Christian community."

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According to the BBC, Ashrafi said in 2007 that bin Laden — the architect of the 9/11 attacks — had "been fighting for Islam against the Russians, Americans and British."

The BBC also reported that Ashrafi said he would give bin Laden the title "Saifullah," meaning "Sword of God."

Ashrafi told the BBC that his remarks had been "totally taken out of context" and described the backlash against him as an "unfair campaign."

He said he made the remarks about bin Laden in 2007 in response to "the hurt felt by many Muslims" over the British government's decision to knight "The Satanic Verses" author Salman Rushdie.

During the award presentation last week, the Archbishop's office said Ashrafi was being honored for "his outstanding work as an ambassador of interfaith harmony in Pakistan, known for his commitment to promoting religious tolerance."

Russian tactics designed to disrupt European nations forced neighboring Finland to fundamentally rethink its border security, culminating in the recent completion of a new border fence along its eastern frontier.

Finland constructed roughly 124 miles of fencing along its border with Russia — a secondary security measure intended to stem the flow of unauthorized Russian migrants, Petri Hakkarainen, political director for the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, told Fox News Digital.

"We have in the past witnessed Russia's attempts… to instrumentalize migrants at the Finnish border," Hakkarainen said. "Basically pushing migrants towards our borders, forcing us then to take them on."

A sudden influx forces the Finnish government to process large volumes of asylum claims, which could destabilize society if carried out on a massive scale, he explained. 

In response, Finland closed its entire land border with Russia in 2023. Moscow swiftly filed a formal complaint, condemning the closure as "Russophobic."

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The Kremlin expressed "deep regret" over the move, claiming it replaced decades of "pragmatic, mutually respectful relations" with an anti-Russian political stance.

Finland shares an 833-mile border with Russia — the longest of any European Union or NATO member state. The completed border fence supplements the border closures.

As Russia remains locked in a war of attrition in Ukraine, Western officials have accused Moscow of launching widespread destabilization campaigns, ranging from disinformation to state-sponsored economic coercion intended to erode public trust across Europe.

FINLAND’S FOREIGN MINISTER SAYS UKRAINE ‘IS NOW HOLDING THE CARDS’ AS RUSSIA SIGNALS TALKS

"We think it's important to listen to those of us who live next door to Russia," Hakkarainen said. "Listen to our analysis of the situation: we consider Russia to be a long-term threat to transatlantic security — not only to Ukraine, not only to Europeans, but to transatlantic security as a whole."

Finland launched the border fence initiative after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a landmark conflict that prompted the historically neutral Nordic nation to join NATO in April 2023.

Moscow has long viewed NATO’s eastward expansion as a direct security threat, using it to justify reinforcing its western defenses. 

When Finland officially joined the alliance, Helsinki saw an immediate reaction: over 1,300 migrants without visa arrived at its eastern border.

FINLAND'S PARLIAMENT VOTES TO LIFT DECADES-OLD BAN ON NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN HISTORIC NATO DEFENSE SHIFT

Finland accused Moscow of weaponizing migration as an act of "hybrid warfare," a charge the Kremlin denied.

Closing the border checkpoints has proven "very effective," Hakkarainen noted. Beyond physical barriers, Finnish lawmakers passed the Border Security Act. 

The temporary law allows border authorities to restrict asylum applications and turn back migrants if a foreign actor attempts to destabilize the country by funneling people across the border.

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While the law sparked some initial debate over potential human rights and international law violations, Hakkarainen emphasized that national defense took priority.

"We take these concerns very seriously," he said. "But national security and our own sovereignty... weighed more heavily in this conversation, though there is broad majority support for the act."

ITALY-SPAIN BORDER FEUD EXPOSES EUROPE’S DEEPENING IMMIGRATION DIVIDE

"We take our security and preparedness very seriously," Hakkarainen added. 

"I would say not despite that, but because of that, we are able to lead very normal lives here — regardless of the neighbor we have."

Turkish authorities launched an unprecedented crackdown on the country’s LGBT community on Sunday, raiding gay bars and shutting down activist organizations, in what the government said are efforts to protect Turkey’s family values.

Since the nationwide crackdowns began, Turkish authorities have arrested and detained some 116 people across 15 provinces in actions against LGBT rights organizations and activists. The Turkish criminal justice system has also launched investigations of more than 160 people, according to Amnesty International.

Amnesty International reported that 180 social media accounts belonging to LGBT organizations, activists, journalists and media outlets have been blocked or restricted.

TURKEY’S NATO ROLE UNDER SCRUTINY AMID NEW REPORT ON HAMAS, MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD TIES

"This appalling escalation in Türkiye’s crackdown amounts to a full-scale assault on LGBTI rights and those who defend them. The relentless raids, arrests and demonization of LGBTI people under the spurious guise of ‘protecting the families’ demonstrates why defending LGBTI rights in Türkiye is more important than ever," Esther Major, Amnesty International’s Deputy Regional Director for Europe, said in a statement.

In a statement posted on X, Turkey’s minister of justice, Akın Gürlek, said, "We are steadfastly continuing our efforts to protect the family, our children and our youth from all forms of exploitation, obscenity, crime and harmful content."

Gürlek stated that the Ministry of Justice sent a comprehensive directive to the 175 chief public prosecutor's offices in all of Turkey’s 81 provinces to go after content and behavior that the government considers opposed to "public morality" and harmful to the country’s youth.

"The best interests of our children are not open to debate for us. We will show no tolerance for any criminal organization targeting the institution of the family, the future of our youth, and the order of our society," Gürlek’s statement went on to say.

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Turkey’s focus on family values and traditional norms is part of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s Decade of Family and Population vision, a long-term strategy aimed at tracking population trends and promoting an increased fertility rate to spur population growth.

Many see Erdoğan’s renewed emphasis on "family values," and his targeting of groups he portrays as threats to those values, as an effort to cement his legacy.

An enduring question asked by analysts as Erdogan ages and approaches another election in 2028 is what kind of Turkey he leaves behind.

"Erdoğan’s ‘family values’ agenda is about more than defending conservative values, it is about defining what kind of society Turkey should be and who belongs in it," Gonul Tol, senior fellow at the Middle East Institute, told Fox News Digital.

"The LGBT community is a particularly useful target because Erdoğan can portray it simultaneously as a threat to the traditional family, a Western import, and a symbol of the cultural values he says his movement is fighting against," Gonul added.

With protests against the moves beginning to take shape, the crackdowns show no signs of letting up, even as international attention and condemnation begins to pour in.

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Police used pepper spray against peaceful protesters in İzmir, along Turkey’s Aegean coast, and detained more than 95 people on Tuesday who had gathered outside İstanbul Courthouse in protest.

Turkey, which officially became a candidate for the European Union in 1999, received strong pushback from the commission.

A European Commission spokesperson told Fox News Digital, "The Commission is concerned about the recent arrests and legal proceedings initiated against LGBTIQ+ activists, human rights associations, and businesses, as well as of the blockages of websites and social media accounts, accompanied with allegations concerning funding of civil society organizations. We are following developments closely." 

The commission reiterated that Turkey, as an EU candidate and member of the Council of Europe, should promote and ensure respect for the human rights and dignity of all individuals, regardless of gender or sexual identity.

A spokesman for the Turkish embassy in Washington, D.C., did not respond to requests for comment from Fox News Digital, nor did the U.S. Embassy in Ankara or the State Department.